Highlights in Recent Philosophy
To qualify for this list, a published work must (1) make important progress on open problems, (2) be written clearly, and (3) be philosophical in topic. Newest works are at the top; the list goes back to 1985. Note that I've read only some of these in their entirety — often, I included a work on this list because of what the relevant experts say about its contributions, whether I think those contributions are very important, and because I read some sections and they were good.
Glimcher, Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis (2010)
Hutter, Universal Artificial Intelligence: Sequential Decisions Based on Algorithmic Probability (2004)
Bostrom, Are you living in a computer simulation? (2003)
Jaynes, Probability Theory: The Logic of Science (2003)
MacKay, Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms (2003)
Pearl, Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2000)
Tegmark, Is "the theory of everything" merely the ultimate ensemble theory? (1998)
Russell & Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (1995)
Spirtes et al., Causation, Prediction and Search (1993)
Drexler, Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation (1992)
Pearl, Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems (1988)